Normalization to a standardized submaximal task (i.e., it will not elicit the maximum voluntary activation of a muscle). May or may not be task specific. This method includes:

• Submaximal isometric voluntary contraction: The peak EMG or mean EMG amplitude from a submaximal isometric/ dynamic voluntary contraction against a relative or absolute resistance (e.g., holding a weight with force applied through a pulley or against gravity), in a standardized body position/muscle length.
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• The submaximal task is unlikely to be equivalent between muscles (different muscles can be active at different MVC%) and between participants (the same muscle can be more active in one person than another one). Therefore, it is impossible to ascertain whether potential differences across participants originate from actual differences in the synergistic organization of the motor commands.

• There are no caveats. Simply, it’s not possible to interpret the data.

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