The H-reflex (or Hoffmann reflex, 1910) is a spinal reflex elicited by electrically stimulating a peripheral motor nerve, typically through a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibres (Palmieri et al., 2004). Unlike the stretch reflex, which is triggered by mechanical stimulation of muscle spindles, the H-reflex bypasses the muscle spindle and directly activates Ia afferent fibres. This leads to a monosynaptic reflex arc, resulting in a muscle response that is recorded via surface EMG. Although the H-reflex activates part of the same spinal circuitry as the stretch reflex, it is not dependent on gamma motor activity and should not be considered equivalent. The H-reflex is commonly used to assess spinal excitability and neuromuscular function in both clinical and research settings.